Anna Maria Ciddio

  Anna Maria Ciddio

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Venice plaza

The square leads to the symbolic places of the city: the Imperial Forums and the Lateran, first custodians of the glory and splendor of ancient Rome, then of the power of Roman Catholicism and finally of the unification of Italy with the creation of the Vittoriano and the burial of the Unknown Soldier (1921).

The square was reworked by Paul II (1464-71) as the background of via del Corso and the arrival point of the famous Corsa dei Bàrberi which was held during Carnival, and constituted the first major urban intervention in Rome during the Risorgimento. In 1882, the decision to erect the monument to Vittorio Emanuele II close to the Campidoglio entailed the demolition of the dense urban network of early medieval origins and of the working-class district built in the sixteenth century above the area of ​​the forums towards the Monti district. Finally, the square was rearranged by moving the Palazzetto Venezia and the construction on the opposite side of Palazzo Venezia of the Palazzo delle Assicurazione Generali of Venice (1902-1906); where a plaque commemorates the place where, in the area then known as Macel de' Corvi, the house where Michelangelo lived and died was located

Every year, on 8 December, the inauguration of the Rome Christmas Tree takes place in the square in the presence of the Capitoline Mayor.
The excavations for the construction of the underground line C have brought to light a vast public building built around 133 AD. during the empire of Hadrian, used for debates and cultural meetings of rhetoricians, philosophers and poets.
 

Palazzo Venezia
The building was begun as his own residence in 1445 by Pietro Barbo, then cardinal of the nearby basilica of San Marco; after his election as pope (with the name of Paul II), it was enlarged with the construction of a porticoed garden (the Viridarium, future Palazzetto Venezia). Papal property until 1564, it then became the residence of the embassy of the Republic of Venice (hence the name), followed by the ambassadors of France (1797) and Austria (1814). Italy claimed the palace in 1916 and after a long restoration, used it as a museum and seat of cultural institutions. In 1929 until 1943, the square was renamed "Foro Italia" by Mussolini who chose it as the seat of the head of government.

Although transformed over time, the square represents the first affirmation in Rome of the Tuscan Renaissance model of Leon Battista Alberti for ordered and geometric perspectives. The apartment that takes its name from him and the Regia halls (inaugurated in 1504) and the Mappamondo, with remains of frescoes attributed to Andrea Mantegna, are owed to Cardinal Lorenzo Cybo. In addition to the homonymous museum, the building houses the Superintendency for Artistic and Historical Heritage of Rome and the Library of the National Institute of Archeology and Art History.

Victorian
The monument to Vittorio Emanuele II also known as the Vittoriano and Altare della Patria, due to its mammoth marble mass has attracted often ironic judgments such as the one that led the Romans to define it as a "typewriter". Conceived in 1878 on the death of the sovereign architect of the unification of Italy, the Vittoriano was built starting from 1885 by Giuseppe Sacconi who referred to the architecture of the great Hellenistic sanctuaries, designing a very high colonnade sloping down towards the square in terraces connected by stairs . Upon Sacconi's death in 1905, the direction of the works passed to Gaetano Koch, Pio Piacentini and Manfredo Manfredi and the monument was able to be completed in time for the celebrations of the fiftieth anniversary of the unification of Italy in 1911. The decorative parts were however completed only in 1927, with the addition of the bronze chariots on the propylaea, while the Altare della Patria was remodeled and officially inaugurated in 1925, after the burial of the Unknown Soldier (1921), thus expanding the symbolic value of the monument. To increase its tourist and civil functionality, in 2000 it was reopened for visits which also gave back to the city the splendid panorama that can be enjoyed from the terrace, which can be reached with glass and steel elevators that leave from the narrow passage between the back of the monument and the side of the church of Santa Maria in Aracoeli, overcoming a height difference of 40 metres.

Bonaparte Palace
It is so called by its most important owners. The Bonapartes in fact, in the person of Letizia, the mother of Napoleon and her heirs, the princes Canio and Musignano, who owned it from 1818 to 1905. but the first owners were Giuseppe and Benedetto d'Aste who had it built between 1657 and 1677 by Giovanni Antonio De Rossi, occupying the block of the current vicolo Doria, piazza Venezia and via del Corso.
Building of Assicurazioni Generali in Venice
This building was built on the area previously occupied, in part by the Palazzi Nipoti and Palazzi Torlonia, demolished as part of the renovation of the square facing the monument to Vittorio Emanuele II. The construction begun in 1906, based on a project by Arturo Pazza, was completed in 1911 by Alberto Manassei and Guido Brilli. It is a sort of pendant to Palazzo Venezia, of which it repeats the fundamental characteristics with the corner tower. Characteristic is the long row of Romanesque mullioned windows on the ground floor arches with small windows above and the stringcourse frieze painted in chiaroscuro. The lion of San Marco that appears on the facade dates back to the sixteenth century and comes from a bastion of the walls of Padua.